Write the equation for kinetic energy and for momentum.
Video
As you watch the following video, take notes in your bookends sheet (use the Friday row and the “Three things I learned…” section). You should be able to describe the phrase “crumple zones” as it relates to cars.
Please finish data collection for both collisions an explosions. Remember that an explosion uses the spring on one cart, and both carts start with zero momentum.
Data analysis
Analyze all your trials, calculating the momentum and kinetic energy changes for each scenario. If you would like, you can use a Google spreadsheet template here.
Each member of the group needs to make their own spreadsheet. If you prefer to use Excel, you can download the Google Sheet as an Excel spreadsheet.
Homework
Complete all the data analysis in a spreadsheet, and develop a conclusion about the conservation of momentum and kinetic energy in each of your scenarios.
Using physics, explain why the first hill on a roller coaster always the highest.
Designing your mousetrap car
Next week you will build, test, and the mousetrap car. As you build it, you will also determine the work done by the mousetrap spring by measuring the force and distance the mousetrap arm moves.
Watch the following videos, and take notes about ideas that techniques you may use for your car (we will start with materials on Monday).
Record your notes in today’s exit ticket area and the “Three things I learned this week” section of your bookends sheet.
Before you leave today, turn in your bookends sheet (make sure your name is on it!)
Homework
Start thinking about how you might customize your mousetrap car. Each group will receive the following items, extras are are up to you. If you want to use special materials, collect them over the weekend so you can use them on Monday.
One small mousetrap (larger rat traps are not allowed)
A light board about 8″ long by 3″ wide (you may replace this if you prefer a different design)
Dental floss or similar string
One set of plastic wheels with axle
One pair of CDs
Hot glue
Paint stirrer stick (two lengths available), to extend your mousetrap bar and tie your string to.
More videos you might want to view
Another video showing many student-built mousetrap cars.
Metronome: A device that keeps the rhythm; aka the โbeatโ
The shorter something is, the faster it vibrates.
We had a demonstration of the vibrating bar from the fall final; the shorter the bar was, the faster it vibrated.
Both string and wind instruments depend on lengthening or shortening the material that the sound is produced by to create different notes.
In some cases, the string is thicker (lower notes) or thinner (lower notes).
Our ears have hearing nerves: The long ones detect low notes, and the short ones high notes.
As we get older, our short cells tend to die off more than our long ones, so kids and teenagers can often hear sounds that adults can’t
A dog whistle is similar: The frequency is so high that people can’t hear it, but dogs can.
Sound is the rhythmic motion of air particles. So, similar to thermal energy, it is a type of kinetic energy.
Humans are said to be able to hear from 20 to 20,000 Hz (cycles per second). Test your hearing range with the video below. (I can hear from about 60 to 13,000 Hz.)
When the ball hits the tuning fork:
Kinetic (ball moving towards tuning fork) moves from the ball into
Sound energy from the tuning fork.
The video below shows a tuning fork being lowered into a glass of water, shot with a very high speed cameras (about 50 times faster than most cell phone cameras, and even faster than the slow-mo option on phone cameras).
Sample instruments
In the instruments below, notice how the length and/or thickness changes to make a range of notes.